Wilhelm wien biography of donald

Oral history interview with Walter M. Elsasser, May Oral history interview with Walther Gerlach, February 18 and Oral history interview with Werner Heisenberg, November 30, February 7, 11, 13, 15, 19, 22, 25, 27, 28 and July 5, Scientists collection, Wien und F. Wien und G. Uber elektronen : vortrag gehalten auf der Mit 11 figuren im text.

In Wien stated his displacement law of blackbody radiation spectra at different temperatures. His method is described in [ 2 ] :- It was [ Wien's ] idea to use as a good approximation for the ideal blackbody an oven with a small hole. Any radiation that enters the small hole is scattered and reflected from the inner walls of the oven so often that nearly all incoming radiation is absorbed and the chance of some of it finding its way out of the hole again can be made exceedingly small.

The radiation coming out of this hole is then very close to the equilibrium blackbody electromagnetic radiation corresponding to the oven temperature. Next Wien derived a distribution law of radiation which he published in June Max Planckwho was a colleague of Wien's when he was carrying out this work, later, inbased quantum theory on the fact that Wien's law, while valid at high frequencies, broke down completely at low frequencies.

Planck suggested a more complicated version of Wien's law in Wien received the Nobel Prize for his work on heat radiation. In his Nobel lecture he explained his 'thought experiment' approach which has proved so fruitful in physics research [ 12 ] :- Using known physical laws it was possible to derive a general law of radiation theory which has, under the name of the displacement law, been acclaimed by fellow workers.

In applying thermodynamics to the theory of radiation, we make use of the ideal processes which have been found so fruitful elsewhere. These are mental experiments whose realization is frequently impracticable and which nevertheless lead to reliable results. Such deliberations can only be undertaken if all the processes on which, governed by laws, the mental experiments are based, are known, so that the effect of any change can be stated accurately and completely.

Further, to be allowed to idealize, we must neglect all non-essential secondary phenomena, while considering only everything indissolubly connected with the processes under examination.

Wilhelm wien biography of donald: This German physicist won a

In the application of mechanical heat theory, this method has proved to be extremely fruitful. In Wien had been promoted to a lecturer in Berlin and he was happy working at the Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt but in Helmholtz died and Friedrich Kohlrausch was appointed to succeed him. Kohlrausch had very definite ideas about how he should run the Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt, drawing up very specific and rigid research plans.

This certainly did not fit in with Wien's approach determined by his extremely independent nature. Wien had been appointed to fill the chair previously held by Philipp Eduard Anton Lenard who had left Aachen to take up the chair at Heidelberg. Lenard had been undertaking research on cathode rays in Aachen and the equipment he had been using proved extremely useful to Wien who had begun to undertake research into cathode rays while in Berlin.

In fact Lenard was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for his research on cathode rays and his discovery of many of their properties. While studying streams of ionized gas inWien identified a positive particle equal in mass to the hydrogen atom. Wien invented the first mass-spectrograph and, with this work, laid the foundation of mass spectroscopy.

Wilhelm wien biography of donald: Wilhelm Wien: Ein R¼ckblick. Aus

However, there were difficulties in reconciling the results from Wien's mass-spectrograph with the theories of atoms and electrons. J J Thomson refined Wien's apparatus and conducted further experiments in then, after work by E Rutherford inWien's particle was accepted and named the proton. His studies on the diffraction of x-rays by crystals was the earliest work in this area, coming five years before the discoveries made by Max von Laue.

After three years in Aachen, Wien moved to the University of Giessen in where he was appointed as a full professor.

Wilhelm wien biography of donald: Facing the hostile behavior of

Wien was now an internationally acclaimed physicist and received many invitations to lecture throughout the world. The procedure of his appeal already indicated how well-established Wien was in the World of Physics because of his discoveries: He was mentioned as the favorite candidate of the faculty to follow the footsteps of the famous Wilhelm C.

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